“獨立、權威、高效” 新的生態環境監測體系將形成
更新時間: 點擊:15401 所屬欄目:行業動態 Update Time: Hits:15401 Belong Column:Dynamic導讀:
為深入學習貫徹習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想和黨的十九大精神,決勝全面建成小康社會,全面加強生態環境保護,打好污染防治攻堅戰,提升生態文明,建設美麗中國,近日,黨中央、國務院發布了《關于全面加強生態環境保護堅決打好污染防治攻堅戰的意見》。意見指出:深刻認識生態環境保護面臨的形勢,深入貫徹習近平生態文明思想,全面加強黨對生態環境保護的領導,總體目標和基本原則,推動形成綠色發展方式和生活方式,堅決打贏藍天保衛戰,著力打好碧水保衛戰,扎實推進凈土保衛戰,加快生態保護與修復,改革完善生態環境治理體系。
《意見》要(yao)求:完善生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管體系。全面完成(cheng)省以下(xia)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)機(ji)構(gou)(gou)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)監(jian)(jian)(jian)察執(zhi)法垂直管理制度(du)改革,推進綜合(he)執(zhi)法隊伍(wu)特別是基層隊伍(wu)的(de)(de)能力建(jian)(jian)設。推進跨地區環保機(ji)構(gou)(gou)試點,加快(kuai)組建(jian)(jian)流域(yu)環境(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)管執(zhi)法機(ji)構(gou)(gou),按海(hai)域(yu)設置監(jian)(jian)(jian)管機(ji)構(gou)(gou)。建(jian)(jian)立(li)獨立(li)權(quan)威高效的(de)(de)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)體系,構(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)天(tian)地一體化的(de)(de)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)網(wang)絡,實(shi)現國家和區域(yu)生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)預(yu)報預(yu)警和質控,按照(zhao)適(shi)度(du)上收生(sheng)態環境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)事權(quan)的(de)(de)要(yao)求加快(kuai)推進有關工(gong)作。
獨立——意味著環境監測工作不受任何人為或外來干擾,監測機構和人員獨立開展監測工作,從而確保數據的可靠性。體現的是獨立自主。
權威——從環境監測機構的資質認定到具體監測活動的開展,全部在國家法律法規標準規范下進行,全過程質量控制體系能夠確保數據的真實性。體現的是標準規范。
高效——隨著環境監測事權改革,國家、省、市、縣各級監測機構,根據國家生態環境保護目標任務,各司其責、各盡其能。體現的是協調一致。
隨著《意見》的落實和實施,中國新的生態環境監測體系將形成。
《意見》全文如下
良好生(sheng)態環境是(shi)實現中華(hua)民(min)族永(yong)續(xu)發展的(de)內在要求,是(shi)增進(jin)民(min)生(sheng)福祉(zhi)的(de)優先領域。為深入(ru)學習貫徹(che)習近平新時(shi)代中國特色社會主義思想和黨的(de)十九大精神,決勝(sheng)全(quan)面建成小(xiao)康社會,全(quan)面加強生(sheng)態環境保(bao)護,打(da)好污染防治攻堅戰,提升生(sheng)態文明(ming),建設美麗中國,現提出如下意見(jian)。
一、深刻認識生態環境保護面臨的形勢
黨(dang)的十八(ba)大以(yi)(yi)來,以(yi)(yi)習近(jin)平(ping)同志(zhi)為(wei)核(he)(he)心的黨(dang)中央把生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建設作為(wei)統(tong)籌推進“五位(wei)一體”總(zong)體布局和協調推進“四(si)個全面”戰略布局的重(zhong)(zhong)要內容,謀劃開(kai)展(zhan)了(le)一系列根本性(xing)(xing)、長(chang)遠性(xing)(xing)、開(kai)創性(xing)(xing)工作,推動生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建設和生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護從實踐到認識發生(sheng)了(le)歷史性(xing)(xing)、轉折(zhe)性(xing)(xing)、全局性(xing)(xing)變化。各地區各部門認真(zhen)貫徹落實黨(dang)中央、國務院(yuan)決策部署(shu),生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建設和生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護制(zhi)度體系加快形(xing)成(cheng),全面節約資源有效(xiao)推進,大氣、水、土壤污染(ran)防治行(xing)動計(ji)劃深入實施,生(sheng)態系統(tong)保(bao)護和修復重(zhong)(zhong)大工程進展(zhan)順利,核(he)(he)與(yu)(yu)輻射(she)安全得到有效(xiao)保(bao)障,生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建設成(cheng)效(xiao)顯(xian)著,美麗中國建設邁出(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)要步伐,我國成(cheng)為(wei)全球生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)(ming)建設的重(zhong)(zhong)要參與(yu)(yu)者(zhe)、貢獻者(zhe)、引領者(zhe)。
同(tong)時,我國生(sheng)態文明(ming)建設和(he)生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)面臨(lin)不少困難和(he)挑戰,存在許多不足。一些地方和(he)部門對生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)認識不到位,責(ze)任落實不到位;經濟社(she)會發(fa)展(zhan)同(tong)生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)的矛盾(dun)仍(reng)然突出,資源環(huan)境(jing)(jing)承載(zai)能力(li)已經達到或接近上限;城鄉區域統籌(chou)不夠,新(xin)老環(huan)境(jing)(jing)問題(ti)交織,區域性(xing)、布(bu)局(ju)性(xing)、結(jie)構性(xing)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)風(feng)險凸顯,重污染天氣、黑臭水體、垃圾(ji)圍城、生(sheng)態破壞等問題(ti)時有發(fa)生(sheng)。這(zhe)些問題(ti),成為重要的民生(sheng)之(zhi)患、民心之(zhi)痛,成為經濟社(she)會可持續發(fa)展(zhan)的瓶頸制約,成為全(quan)面建成小康社(she)會的明(ming)顯短板。
進入新時代,解決人民日益增長的(de)美(mei)好生(sheng)(sheng)活需要(yao)(yao)(yao)和不(bu)平(ping)衡不(bu)充分的(de)發展(zhan)之間的(de)矛盾(dun)對生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)保護提出(chu)(chu)許多(duo)新要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。當前,生(sheng)(sheng)態文明建設正(zheng)處于壓力(li)(li)疊(die)加(jia)、負重前行的(de)關鍵期,已進入提供更多(duo)優質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)態產品(pin)以(yi)滿足(zu)人民日益增長的(de)優美(mei)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)需要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)攻堅(jian)期,也到了(le)有條(tiao)件有能(neng)力(li)(li)解決突出(chu)(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)問(wen)題的(de)窗(chuang)口期。必須(xu)加(jia)大力(li)(li)度、加(jia)快治理(li)、加(jia)緊攻堅(jian),打好標志性的(de)重大戰(zhan)役,為人民創造良好生(sheng)(sheng)產生(sheng)(sheng)活環(huan)境(jing)。
二、深入貫徹習近平生態文明思想
習(xi)近(jin)平總書記(ji)傳承中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)傳統文(wen)化、順(shun)應時代(dai)潮流和(he)(he)人民(min)意愿,站在堅(jian)持(chi)和(he)(he)發展(zhan)中(zhong)(zhong)國特色社會主義、實現中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)族(zu)偉(wei)大(da)復興中(zhong)(zhong)國夢的戰(zhan)略高度(du),深刻回答了為什(shen)么(me)建設生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)、建設什(shen)么(me)樣(yang)的生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)、怎樣(yang)建設生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)等重大(da)理論和(he)(he)實踐問題(ti),系統形成了習(xi)近(jin)平生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)思(si)想,有力指導(dao)生態(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建設和(he)(he)生態(tai)環境保護取得歷史(shi)性成就、發生歷史(shi)性變革。
堅持生態興(xing)則文明興(xing)。建設(she)生態文明是關(guan)系中華(hua)民(min)族永續發(fa)展(zhan)的根本大計,功在當代、利在千秋,關(guan)系人民(min)福祉,關(guan)乎民(min)族未來。
堅持人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)和(he)諧共生(sheng)(sheng)。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)就是保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)類,建設生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明就是造福人(ren)(ren)類。必(bi)須尊(zun)重自(zi)然(ran)(ran)、順應自(zi)然(ran)(ran)、保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran),像保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)眼睛一(yi)樣保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing),像對待(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)命一(yi)樣對待(dai)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing),推(tui)動形成人(ren)(ren)與(yu)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)和(he)諧發展現(xian)代化建設新格局,還自(zi)然(ran)(ran)以寧(ning)靜、和(he)諧、美(mei)麗。
堅持(chi)綠水青山(shan)就是(shi)金(jin)山(shan)銀山(shan)。綠水青山(shan)既是(shi)自然財富(fu)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)財富(fu),又是(shi)社會財富(fu)、經濟財富(fu)。保護生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)就是(shi)保護生(sheng)(sheng)產力(li),改善生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)就是(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)產力(li)。必須堅持(chi)和(he)貫徹綠色(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理念,平衡(heng)和(he)處(chu)理好(hao)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)與保護的(de)關系,推(tui)動形成綠色(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)(shi),堅定(ding)不(bu)移走(zou)生(sheng)(sheng)產發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、生(sheng)(sheng)活富(fu)裕、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)良好(hao)的(de)文(wen)明發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)道路。
堅持良好(hao)生(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)是(shi)(shi)最普惠的民生(sheng)福祉(zhi)。生(sheng)態(tai)文明建設同每個人息息相關。環境(jing)(jing)就是(shi)(shi)民生(sheng),青山(shan)就是(shi)(shi)美麗(li),藍天也是(shi)(shi)幸福。必(bi)須(xu)堅持以人民為中心,重點解(jie)決損(sun)害(hai)群(qun)眾(zhong)健康(kang)的突出(chu)環境(jing)(jing)問(wen)題,提供更多優質生(sheng)態(tai)產品。
堅持山水(shui)林(lin)田湖草是生(sheng)命共同(tong)體。生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境是統一的(de)(de)有機整體。必須按照系統工程的(de)(de)思路,構(gou)建(jian)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境治(zhi)理體系,著力(li)擴大(da)環(huan)境容量和生(sheng)態(tai)空間,全方位、全地域、全過程開展(zhan)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)。
堅持用(yong)最嚴格制度(du)(du)最嚴密法治保護生態(tai)環境。保護生態(tai)環境必(bi)須依靠(kao)制度(du)(du)、依靠(kao)法治。必(bi)須構(gou)建產(chan)權(quan)清晰(xi)、多元參與、激(ji)勵約束(shu)并重、系統(tong)完(wan)整的生態(tai)文明制度(du)(du)體系,讓制度(du)(du)成為剛性約束(shu)和不可(ke)觸碰的高壓線。
堅持建(jian)設美麗中國全民行動(dong)。美麗中國是人民群眾共同參(can)與(yu)共同建(jian)設共同享有的(de)事(shi)業(ye)。必須加強生(sheng)態文明(ming)宣傳(chuan)教育,牢固樹立(li)生(sheng)態文明(ming)價值觀念(nian)和(he)行為(wei)準則,把建(jian)設美麗中國化為(wei)全民自覺行動(dong)。
堅(jian)持共謀全球生態文明(ming)建設(she)(she)。生態文明(ming)建設(she)(she)是構建人類(lei)命運(yun)共同體的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)內容(rong)。必須同舟共濟、共同努(nu)力,構筑尊(zun)崇自然、綠色發展(zhan)的(de)生態體系(xi),推動全球生態環境治理,建設(she)(she)清(qing)潔美(mei)麗世界。
習近平生態文明思(si)想為(wei)(wei)推進美麗中國建(jian)設、實現(xian)人與自(zi)然(ran)和(he)(he)諧共生的現(xian)代化提供了方向指(zhi)引和(he)(he)根本(ben)遵(zun)循(xun),必須用以武裝頭腦、指(zhi)導實踐、推動工作。要(yao)教育廣大(da)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)增(zeng)強(qiang)“四(si)個意識”,樹(shu)立(li)正確政績觀,把(ba)生態文明建(jian)設重(zhong)大(da)部(bu)(bu)署和(he)(he)重(zhong)要(yao)任務落到實處,讓良好生態環境成為(wei)(wei)人民(min)幸(xing)福生活的增(zeng)長點、成為(wei)(wei)經濟(ji)社會持續(xu)健康發展(zhan)(zhan)的支撐點、成為(wei)(wei)展(zhan)(zhan)現(xian)我國良好形象的發力點。
三、全面加強黨對生態環境保護的領導
加強生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保(bao)護、堅決打(da)好污染防治攻堅戰是(shi)黨和(he)國家的(de)重大決策部署(shu),各級黨委(wei)和(he)政府要(yao)強化對(dui)生(sheng)態(tai)文明建設和(he)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境保(bao)護的(de)總體設計(ji)和(he)組織領導,統(tong)籌(chou)協調(diao)處理重大問題,指導、推動(dong)、督促各地區各部門落(luo)實黨中央、國務院重大政策措施。
(一(yi))落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)黨政(zheng)(zheng)主體(ti)責(ze)(ze)任。落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)領(ling)導干部生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設責(ze)(ze)任制,嚴格實(shi)(shi)(shi)行黨政(zheng)(zheng)同責(ze)(ze)、一(yi)崗雙責(ze)(ze)。地方(fang)各級(ji)黨委和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)必須堅(jian)決扛起(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文(wen)明(ming)建(jian)設和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護的(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治責(ze)(ze)任,對本(ben)行政(zheng)(zheng)區域(yu)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護工作及生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)質量負(fu)總責(ze)(ze),主要(yao)(yao)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人是本(ben)行政(zheng)(zheng)區域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護第(di)一(yi)責(ze)(ze)任人,至少(shao)每季度(du)(du)研究(jiu)一(yi)次生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護工作,其他有關(guan)(guan)領(ling)導成員在職責(ze)(ze)范(fan)圍內承擔相(xiang)應責(ze)(ze)任。各地要(yao)(yao)制定責(ze)(ze)任清單,把任務(wu)分解(jie)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)到有關(guan)(guan)部門(men)。抓緊出臺中央(yang)和(he)國家機關(guan)(guan)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部門(men)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護責(ze)(ze)任清單。各相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部門(men)要(yao)(yao)履行好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護職責(ze)(ze),制定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護年度(du)(du)工作計劃和(he)措施(shi)。各地區各部門(men)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)情況(kuang)每年向(xiang)黨中央(yang)、國務(wu)院報(bao)告。
健全(quan)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)督(du)察(cha)機制。完(wan)善中(zhong)央(yang)和(he)(he)省級環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)督(du)察(cha)體系,制定(ding)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)督(du)察(cha)工作規定(ding),以解決(jue)突(tu)出(chu)生態環(huan)(huan)境問(wen)題、改(gai)善生態環(huan)(huan)境質量(liang)、推動(dong)高質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)為重(zhong)點,夯實生態文(wen)明建設和(he)(he)生態環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)政治責任(ren),推動(dong)環(huan)(huan)境保(bao)護(hu)督(du)察(cha)向(xiang)縱深發(fa)展(zhan)。完(wan)善督(du)查、交辦、巡查、約談、專項督(du)察(cha)機制,開(kai)展(zhan)重(zhong)點區域、重(zhong)點領(ling)域、重(zhong)點行業專項督(du)察(cha)。
(二)強化考核問責。制定對省(自(zi)治(zhi)區、直(zhi)轄市)黨委、人大、政府以及中央和(he)國(guo)家機關有關部門污(wu)染防治(zhi)攻堅戰成效(xiao)考核辦法(fa)(fa),對生態環境保護立法(fa)(fa)執法(fa)(fa)情況、年度工作(zuo)目標(biao)任務完成情況、生態環境質(zhi)量(liang)狀況、資金(jin)投入(ru)使用情況、公眾滿意程度等相關方面開展(zhan)考核。各(ge)地參照制定考核實(shi)施(shi)細則。開展(zhan)領導(dao)干(gan)(gan)部自(zi)然(ran)資源(yuan)資產離任審計。考核結果作(zuo)為領導(dao)班子和(he)領導(dao)干(gan)(gan)部綜合考核評價(jia)、獎懲任免的重要(yao)依據。
嚴格(ge)(ge)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)追究。對(dui)省(自治(zhi)區(qu)、直轄市(shi))黨(dang)委和政府以及(ji)負(fu)有生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)中央(yang)和國(guo)家機關有關部門貫徹落(luo)實(shi)黨(dang)中央(yang)、國(guo)務(wu)院決策部署(shu)不堅(jian)決不徹底、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)文明建設(she)和生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)制執行不到位、污染防治(zhi)攻(gong)堅(jian)任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)完成(cheng)(cheng)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)滯后(hou)、區(qu)域生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)問題突出的(de)(de),約談主要(yao)(yao)(yao)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人(ren),同時責(ze)(ze)成(cheng)(cheng)其向黨(dang)中央(yang)、國(guo)務(wu)院作出深刻(ke)檢查。對(dui)年(nian)度目(mu)標任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)未完成(cheng)(cheng)、考核不合格(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)市(shi)、縣,黨(dang)政主要(yao)(yao)(yao)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)人(ren)和相關領導班子成(cheng)(cheng)員不得評優評先。對(dui)在生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)方面造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)破(po)壞(huai)負(fu)有責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)干部,不得提拔使用或者(zhe)轉任(ren)(ren)(ren)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)職務(wu)。對(dui)不顧生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)盲目(mu)決策、違法違規審批開發(fa)(fa)利用規劃和建設(she)項目(mu)的(de)(de),對(dui)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)質量惡(e)化、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)嚴重(zhong)(zhong)破(po)壞(huai)的(de)(de),對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)事件多發(fa)(fa)高發(fa)(fa)、應對(dui)不力、群眾(zhong)反映(ying)強烈的(de)(de),對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)境(jing)保護(hu)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)沒有落(luo)實(shi)、推諉扯皮、沒有完成(cheng)(cheng)工作任(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)的(de)(de),依紀依法嚴格(ge)(ge)問責(ze)(ze)、終身追責(ze)(ze)。
四、總體目標和基本原則
(一)總(zong)體目標。到(dao)2020年,生態環境(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量總(zong)體改善(shan),主要污染物排放總(zong)量大幅減少,環境(jing)(jing)風險得到(dao)有效管控(kong),生態環境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護水(shui)平(ping)同全面建成小康社會目標相適應(ying)。
具(ju)體指標:全國(guo)細顆粒物(PM2.5)未達標地(di)(di)級及以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)城(cheng)市(shi)濃度比2015年下降18%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),地(di)(di)級及以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)城(cheng)市(shi)空氣質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)優(you)良天(tian)數比率達到(dao)80%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang);全國(guo)地(di)(di)表水Ⅰ-Ⅲ類(lei)(lei)水體比例(li)(li)達到(dao)70%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),劣Ⅴ類(lei)(lei)水體比例(li)(li)控制在5%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)內;近岸海域(yu)水質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)良(一、二(er)類(lei)(lei))比例(li)(li)達到(dao)70%左右;二(er)氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量(liang)(liang)比2015年減(jian)少15%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),化學需氧量(liang)(liang)、氨氮排放量(liang)(liang)減(jian)少10%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang);受污染(ran)耕(geng)地(di)(di)安(an)全利(li)(li)用率達到(dao)90%左右,污染(ran)地(di)(di)塊安(an)全利(li)(li)用率達到(dao)90%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang);生態保護(hu)紅線面積占比達到(dao)25%左右;森林覆(fu)蓋率達到(dao)23.04%以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。
通過加快(kuai)構建生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)體系,確保(bao)到2035年節(jie)約(yue)資源和(he)保(bao)護生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)的(de)空間格(ge)局、產業結構、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)(shi)總體形成(cheng),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)質(zhi)量實現(xian)根本(ben)好轉(zhuan),美麗(li)中國目(mu)標基本(ben)實現(xian)。到本(ben)世紀中葉,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)全面提(ti)升(sheng),實現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)領(ling)域國家治理體系和(he)治理能力現(xian)代化。
(二)基本(ben)原則(ze)
——堅持保護(hu)優先。落(luo)實生(sheng)(sheng)態保護(hu)紅線、環境質量底線、資源利用上線硬約束,深(shen)化(hua)供(gong)給(gei)側(ce)結構性改革,推動(dong)形成綠色發展(zhan)方式和生(sheng)(sheng)活方式,堅定不移走生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)發展(zhan)、生(sheng)(sheng)活富裕、生(sheng)(sheng)態良(liang)好的文明發展(zhan)道路(lu)。
——強化問題導向。以改善生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)質量(liang)為(wei)核心(xin),針對(dui)流域(yu)(yu)、區域(yu)(yu)、行(xing)業(ye)特點,聚焦問題、分類施(shi)策(ce)、精準發(fa)力(li),不斷取得新成效(xiao),讓人民群眾有更多(duo)獲(huo)得感。
——突出改革創新。深(shen)化(hua)生態環境保護體制機制改革,統籌兼顧(gu)、系統謀劃(hua),強化(hua)協(xie)調(diao)、整合力量,區(qu)域協(xie)作、條(tiao)塊結合,嚴(yan)格環境標準(zhun),完善經濟政策,增強科技(ji)支撐和(he)能(neng)力保障(zhang),提(ti)升生態環境治(zhi)理(li)的系統性(xing)、整體性(xing)、協(xie)同(tong)性(xing)。
——注重依法監管。完善生態環境保護(hu)法律法規體系(xi),健全生態環境保護(hu)行政執法和刑(xing)事司法銜接機制,依法嚴懲重罰生態環境違法犯罪行為(wei)。
——推進全民共治。政府(fu)、企業(ye)(ye)、公(gong)(gong)眾各盡其責、共同發(fa)力(li),政府(fu)積極發(fa)揮主導作用,企業(ye)(ye)主動承擔環(huan)境治理(li)主體責任,公(gong)(gong)眾自(zi)覺(jue)踐(jian)行綠(lv)色(se)生活。
五、推動形成綠色發展方式和生活方式
堅(jian)持節約優先,加強源頭管控,轉變發展方式,培(pei)育(yu)壯大新興產業,推(tui)動傳統產業智能(neng)化、清潔化改造,加快發展節能(neng)環(huan)(huan)保產業,全面節約能(neng)源資(zi)源,協同推(tui)動經濟高(gao)(gao)質量發展和生態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)高(gao)(gao)水平(ping)保護。
(一(yi))促進(jin)經濟綠色(se)(se)(se)低碳循環(huan)(huan)(huan)發展(zhan)(zhan)。對重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)區(qu)域、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)流域、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)布(bu)局(ju)開展(zhan)(zhan)規劃環(huan)(huan)(huan)評(ping),調整優化(hua)(hua)不符合(he)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)功能(neng)(neng)定(ding)位的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)布(bu)局(ju)、規模(mo)和(he)(he)結構(gou)。嚴格控制重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)流域、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)區(qu)域環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)風險(xian)項(xiang)目。對國家級新(xin)(xin)區(qu)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)園(yuan)區(qu)、高新(xin)(xin)區(qu)等進(jin)行(xing)集中整治(zhi),限期進(jin)行(xing)達標改(gai)造。加(jia)快城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)成區(qu)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)流域的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污染(ran)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)危險(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)搬遷改(gai)造,2018年年底前(qian),相(xiang)關城(cheng)市(shi)政府就此制定(ding)專項(xiang)計劃并向(xiang)社會公開。促進(jin)傳統產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)優化(hua)(hua)升(sheng)級,構(gou)建(jian)(jian)綠色(se)(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈體系(xi)(xi)。繼續化(hua)(hua)解(jie)過剩(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng),嚴禁鋼鐵、水泥、電解(jie)鋁、平(ping)板玻璃等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)增產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng),對確有必(bi)要新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)必(bi)須實(shi)施(shi)等量或(huo)減量置換(huan)。加(jia)快推(tui)進(jin)危險(xian)化(hua)(hua)學品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)搬遷改(gai)造工(gong)(gong)程。提高污染(ran)排(pai)放標準,加(jia)大鋼鐵等重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)落(luo)后產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)淘汰力(li)(li)度,鼓(gu)勵(li)各地制定(ding)范圍更廣、標準更嚴的(de)(de)落(luo)后產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)淘汰政策。構(gou)建(jian)(jian)市(shi)場導(dao)向(xiang)的(de)(de)綠色(se)(se)(se)技術(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)體系(xi)(xi),強化(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)全生(sheng)命周期綠色(se)(se)(se)管理(li)。大力(li)(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)節能(neng)(neng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)源產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),加(jia)強科技創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)引領,著力(li)(li)引導(dao)綠色(se)(se)(se)消費,大力(li)(li)提高節能(neng)(neng)、環(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)、資(zi)源循環(huan)(huan)(huan)利用等綠色(se)(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)技術(shu)裝備水平(ping),培育(yu)發展(zhan)(zhan)一(yi)批骨(gu)干企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。大力(li)(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)節能(neng)(neng)和(he)(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)服務(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),推(tui)行(xing)合(he)同能(neng)(neng)源管理(li)、合(he)同節水管理(li),積(ji)極探索(suo)區(qu)域環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)托管服務(wu)等新(xin)(xin)模(mo)式。鼓(gu)勵(li)新(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)發展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)模(mo)式創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)。在(zai)能(neng)(neng)源、冶金(jin)、建(jian)(jian)材(cai)、有色(se)(se)(se)、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)、電鍍(du)、造紙(zhi)、印染(ran)、農副食品(pin)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)等行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye),全面推(tui)進(jin)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)改(gai)造或(huo)清(qing)潔(jie)(jie)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)造。
(二)推進能源(yuan)資(zi)源(yuan)全面節(jie)約(yue)(yue)。強化能源(yuan)和(he)水資(zi)源(yuan)消耗、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)用(yong)地(di)等總(zong)量和(he)強度雙控(kong)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong),實行(xing)(xing)最嚴(yan)格的(de)耕地(di)保(bao)護(hu)、節(jie)約(yue)(yue)用(yong)地(di)和(he)水資(zi)源(yuan)管理制(zhi)度。實施國(guo)家(jia)節(jie)水行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong),完(wan)善水價形成機制(zhi),推進節(jie)水型社會和(he)節(jie)水型城市建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),到(dao)2020年,全國(guo)用(yong)水總(zong)量控(kong)制(zhi)在6700億立方米以內。健全節(jie)能、節(jie)水、節(jie)地(di)、節(jie)材、節(jie)礦(kuang)標(biao)準體系,大幅降低重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行(xing)(xing)業和(he)企業能耗、物耗,推行(xing)(xing)生產者責任延伸制(zhi)度,實現生產系統和(he)生活(huo)系統循(xun)環(huan)鏈接。鼓勵新建(jian)(jian)(jian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采(cai)用(yong)綠色建(jian)(jian)(jian)材,大力發展裝配(pei)式建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),提高新建(jian)(jian)(jian)綠色建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)比例。以北方采(cai)暖(nuan)地(di)區(qu)為重(zhong)點(dian)(dian),推進既有(you)(you)居(ju)住建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)節(jie)能改造。積極(ji)應對氣候變(bian)化,采(cai)取有(you)(you)力措施確(que)保(bao)完(wan)成2020年控(kong)制(zhi)溫(wen)室氣體排放行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)目標(biao)。扎(zha)實推進全國(guo)碳排放權交易市場建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),統籌深化低碳試點(dian)(dian)。
(三)引導公眾綠(lv)(lv)色生(sheng)活。加強生(sheng)態文(wen)明宣傳教育(yu),倡導簡約適度、綠(lv)(lv)色低碳的生(sheng)活方式,反對奢侈浪費和不合理消(xiao)(xiao)費。開展創建綠(lv)(lv)色家庭、綠(lv)(lv)色學校、綠(lv)(lv)色社(she)區、綠(lv)(lv)色商場、綠(lv)(lv)色餐館等(deng)行(xing)動。推行(xing)綠(lv)(lv)色消(xiao)(xiao)費,出臺快(kuai)遞業、共享經濟等(deng)新(xin)業態的規范標準,推廣環(huan)境標志產品(pin)、有機產品(pin)等(deng)綠(lv)(lv)色產品(pin)。提(ti)倡綠(lv)(lv)色居住,節約用水(shui)用電(dian),合理控制夏季空調(diao)和冬季取暖室內溫度。大力發(fa)展公共交通,鼓(gu)勵自行(xing)車、步行(xing)等(deng)綠(lv)(lv)色出行(xing)。
六、堅決打贏藍天保衛戰
編制實施打贏藍天(tian)保衛戰(zhan)三年作戰(zhan)計劃,以京津冀及(ji)周邊、長三角、汾渭平原等重點區域為主戰(zhan)場,調整優化產業結構、能源結構、運輸結構、用地(di)結構,強(qiang)化區域聯(lian)(lian)防聯(lian)(lian)控和重污染天(tian)氣(qi)應對(dui),進一步(bu)明(ming)顯(xian)降(jiang)低(di)PM2.5濃度(du),明(ming)顯(xian)減少重污染天(tian)數,明(ming)顯(xian)改善大氣(qi)環境質量,明(ming)顯(xian)增(zeng)強(qiang)人民的(de)藍天(tian)幸福(fu)感。
(一)加(jia)強工業企(qi)(qi)(qi)業大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)污(wu)染綜合(he)治理(li)。全(quan)面整(zheng)治“散亂(luan)污(wu)”企(qi)(qi)(qi)業及集群,實(shi)行拉網式(shi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)查(cha)和清單式(shi)、臺賬式(shi)、網格化管理(li),分(fen)類實(shi)施(shi)(shi)關(guan)停(ting)(ting)取(qu)締、整(zheng)合(he)搬遷、整(zheng)改提升等(deng)措施(shi)(shi),京津冀及周邊區(qu)域2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底前(qian)完(wan)成(cheng),其(qi)他重(zhong)點區(qu)域2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)底前(qian)完(wan)成(cheng)。堅決關(guan)停(ting)(ting)用地、工商手續不(bu)全(quan)并難以通過改造(zao)(zao)達(da)標(biao)的(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業,限(xian)期治理(li)可(ke)以達(da)標(biao)改造(zao)(zao)的(de)企(qi)(qi)(qi)業,逾(yu)期依(yi)法一律(lv)關(guan)停(ting)(ting)。強化工業企(qi)(qi)(qi)業無組(zu)織排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)管理(li),推進(jin)揮發性有(you)機(ji)物(wu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)綜合(he)整(zheng)治,開展大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)氨排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)控制試(shi)點。到2020年(nian)(nian)(nian),揮發性有(you)機(ji)物(wu)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)總(zong)量比2015年(nian)(nian)(nian)下降10%以上(shang)。重(zhong)點區(qu)域和大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)污(wu)染嚴(yan)重(zhong)城(cheng)市(shi)加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)鋼鐵、鑄造(zao)(zao)、煉焦、建材、電(dian)解鋁(lv)等(deng)產(chan)能壓(ya)減(jian)力(li)度,實(shi)施(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)污(wu)染物(wu)特別排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)限(xian)值。加(jia)大(da)(da)(da)排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)高(gao)、污(wu)染重(zhong)的(de)煤電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)淘汰力(li)度,在重(zhong)點區(qu)域加(jia)快(kuai)推進(jin)。到2020年(nian)(nian)(nian),具備改造(zao)(zao)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)燃煤電(dian)廠(chang)全(quan)部完(wan)成(cheng)超低排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)改造(zao)(zao),重(zhong)點區(qu)域不(bu)具備改造(zao)(zao)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)高(gao)污(wu)染燃煤電(dian)廠(chang)逐(zhu)步(bu)關(guan)停(ting)(ting)。推動鋼鐵等(deng)行業超低排(pai)(pai)(pai)放(fang)(fang)改造(zao)(zao)。
(二)大力(li)推(tui)進散(san)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)治理和(he)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭消(xiao)費減量(liang)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)。增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)清(qing)潔能(neng)源(yuan)使用(yong),拓寬清(qing)潔能(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)納渠道,落實(shi)可(ke)再生能(neng)源(yuan)發電(dian)全(quan)額保障性收(shou)購政策。安全(quan)高效(xiao)發展核電(dian)。推(tui)動清(qing)潔低碳能(neng)源(yuan)優先上網。加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)重點(dian)輸電(dian)通道建(jian)設(she),提高重點(dian)區(qu)域接受(shou)外(wai)輸電(dian)比例(li)。因(yin)地(di)制(zhi)宜、加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)實(shi)施北(bei)方地(di)區(qu)冬季清(qing)潔取(qu)暖五年(nian)規劃(hua)。鼓勵余(yu)熱、淺層地(di)熱能(neng)等清(qing)潔能(neng)源(yuan)取(qu)暖。加(jia)(jia)強煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)層氣(煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)礦(kuang)瓦(wa)斯(si))綜合利用(yong),實(shi)施生物天然(ran)氣工(gong)程。到2020年(nian),京津冀及(ji)周邊、汾渭(wei)平原的平原地(di)區(qu)基(ji)(ji)本完成生活和(he)冬季取(qu)暖散(san)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)替(ti)(ti)代(dai);北(bei)京、天津、河北(bei)、山東、河南及(ji)珠三(san)角區(qu)域煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭消(xiao)費總(zong)量(liang)比2015年(nian)均下(xia)降(jiang)10%左(zuo)右,上海、江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)、安徽及(ji)汾渭(wei)平原煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)炭消(xiao)費總(zong)量(liang)均下(xia)降(jiang)5%左(zuo)右;重點(dian)區(qu)域基(ji)(ji)本淘(tao)汰每小(xiao)時(shi)35蒸噸以下(xia)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)鍋爐(lu)。推(tui)廣清(qing)潔高效(xiao)燃(ran)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)鍋爐(lu)。
(三)打(da)好柴(chai)(chai)油(you)貨車污染治(zhi)理(li)攻堅戰。以(yi)開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)貨車超標排(pai)放(fang)(fang)專項整治(zhi)為(wei)(wei)抓手,統(tong)籌開(kai)(kai)展(zhan)油(you)、路(lu)(lu)、車治(zhi)理(li)和(he)(he)機動(dong)(dong)車船污染防(fang)治(zhi)。嚴厲打(da)擊生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)銷(xiao)售不(bu)(bu)達(da)標車輛、排(pai)放(fang)(fang)檢(jian)驗機構檢(jian)測(ce)弄虛作假等違法行為(wei)(wei)。加快淘汰老舊車,鼓勵(li)清潔能源(yuan)車輛、船舶(bo)(bo)的推(tui)廣使(shi)(shi)用。建設“天(tian)地車人”一體化(hua)(hua)的機動(dong)(dong)車排(pai)放(fang)(fang)監控(kong)(kong)系統(tong),完善機動(dong)(dong)車遙感監測(ce)網(wang)絡。推(tui)進鋼鐵(tie)、電(dian)力、電(dian)解鋁、焦化(hua)(hua)等重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)工(gong)業企(qi)業和(he)(he)工(gong)業園區(qu)貨物由公路(lu)(lu)運輸轉向(xiang)鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)運輸。顯著提(ti)高重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區(qu)域(yu)大(da)(da)(da)宗貨物鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)水路(lu)(lu)貨運比例,提(ti)高沿海港(gang)口集(ji)裝箱鐵(tie)路(lu)(lu)集(ji)疏港(gang)比例。重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區(qu)域(yu)提(ti)前(qian)實(shi)施(shi)機動(dong)(dong)車國六排(pai)放(fang)(fang)標準(zhun),嚴格實(shi)施(shi)船舶(bo)(bo)和(he)(he)非道路(lu)(lu)移(yi)動(dong)(dong)機械(xie)大(da)(da)(da)氣排(pai)放(fang)(fang)標準(zhun)。鼓勵(li)淘汰老舊船舶(bo)(bo)、工(gong)程機械(xie)和(he)(he)農業機械(xie)。落實(shi)珠三角、長(chang)三角、環渤海京津冀水域(yu)船舶(bo)(bo)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)制區(qu)管理(li)政策,全國主要港(gang)口和(he)(he)排(pai)放(fang)(fang)控(kong)(kong)制區(qu)內(nei)港(gang)口靠港(gang)船舶(bo)(bo)率(lv)先使(shi)(shi)用岸電(dian)。到2020年,長(chang)江(jiang)干線、西(xi)江(jiang)航運干線、京杭(hang)運河(he)水上服務區(qu)和(he)(he)待(dai)閘錨(mao)地基(ji)本具備船舶(bo)(bo)岸電(dian)供應(ying)(ying)能力。2019年1月1日起,全國供應(ying)(ying)符(fu)合(he)國六標準(zhun)的車用汽油(you)和(he)(he)車用柴(chai)(chai)油(you),力爭重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區(qu)域(yu)提(ti)前(qian)供應(ying)(ying)。盡快實(shi)現車用柴(chai)(chai)油(you)、普通柴(chai)(chai)油(you)和(he)(he)部分船舶(bo)(bo)用油(you)標準(zhun)并軌。內(nei)河(he)和(he)(he)江(jiang)海直達(da)船舶(bo)(bo)必須使(shi)(shi)用硫含量(liang)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于10毫克(ke)/千克(ke)的柴(chai)(chai)油(you)。嚴厲打(da)擊生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、銷(xiao)售和(he)(he)使(shi)(shi)用非標車(船)用燃料行為(wei)(wei),徹底(di)清除黑加油(you)站點(dian)(dian)。
(四)強化(hua)(hua)國土綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)揚塵管控。積極推進露天礦山綜(zong)合(he)整治,加快環境修(xiu)復和(he)(he)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)。開展大規(gui)模(mo)國土綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)行動,加強北方防沙帶(dai)建設,實(shi)施(shi)京津(jin)風沙源治理工(gong)(gong)程、重點防護林(lin)工(gong)(gong)程,增加林(lin)草覆蓋率。在城市功能疏解、更新和(he)(he)調整中,將騰退(tui)空間(jian)優先用于留(liu)白增綠(lv)。落實(shi)城市道路和(he)(he)城市范(fan)圍內施(shi)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)地等揚塵管控。
(五)有(you)效應(ying)(ying)對重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣。強化(hua)(hua)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區域(yu)聯(lian)防(fang)聯(lian)控(kong)(kong)聯(lian)治,統(tong)一(yi)預(yu)(yu)(yu)警分級標準、信息發(fa)布、應(ying)(ying)急響應(ying)(ying),提前采取(qu)應(ying)(ying)急減(jian)排(pai)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),實施(shi)(shi)區域(yu)應(ying)(ying)急聯(lian)動,有(you)效降低污(wu)(wu)染(ran)程(cheng)度。完(wan)善應(ying)(ying)急預(yu)(yu)(yu)案,明確政府、部門及(ji)(ji)(ji)企業(ye)的應(ying)(ying)急責任(ren),科學確定重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)期間管(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)和污(wu)(wu)染(ran)源減(jian)排(pai)清(qing)單。指(zhi)導公眾做好重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)天(tian)(tian)氣健康(kang)防(fang)護。推進預(yu)(yu)(yu)測預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)預(yu)(yu)(yu)警體系建設,2018年(nian)年(nian)底前,進一(yi)步提升國家級空(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)能力(li),區域(yu)預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)中心具(ju)備7至10天(tian)(tian)空(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)能力(li),省級預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)中心具(ju)備7天(tian)(tian)空(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)預(yu)(yu)(yu)報(bao)能力(li)并(bing)精確到(dao)(dao)所轄各城(cheng)市。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)區域(yu)采暖季(ji)節,對鋼鐵(tie)、焦化(hua)(hua)、建材、鑄造、電解(jie)鋁、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)等(deng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行業(ye)企業(ye)實施(shi)(shi)錯峰生(sheng)產。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)期間,對鋼鐵(tie)、焦化(hua)(hua)、有(you)色、電力(li)、化(hua)(hua)工(gong)等(deng)涉及(ji)(ji)(ji)大宗原材料及(ji)(ji)(ji)產品(pin)運輸的重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)企業(ye)實施(shi)(shi)錯峰運輸;強化(hua)(hua)城(cheng)市建設施(shi)(shi)工(gong)工(gong)地揚塵管(guan)控(kong)(kong)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),加強道路機掃。依法(fa)嚴禁秸稈(gan)露天(tian)(tian)焚(fen)燒,全面(mian)推進綜(zong)合(he)利用(yong)。到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian),地級及(ji)(ji)(ji)以上城(cheng)市重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)天(tian)(tian)數(shu)比2015年(nian)減(jian)少25%。
七、著力打好碧水保衛戰
深入實(shi)施水(shui)(shui)(shui)污(wu)染防(fang)治行動計劃(hua),扎實(shi)推(tui)進河長制(zhi)湖長制(zhi),堅持污(wu)染減排和(he)(he)生(sheng)態擴(kuo)容兩手(shou)發力,加快(kuai)工業(ye)(ye)、農業(ye)(ye)、生(sheng)活污(wu)染源和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)態系統(tong)整治,保障飲用水(shui)(shui)(shui)安全,消除城市黑臭水(shui)(shui)(shui)體,減少污(wu)染嚴重水(shui)(shui)(shui)體和(he)(he)不達標水(shui)(shui)(shui)體。
(一)打好水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地保護攻堅(jian)戰。加強水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、出(chu)廠(chang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、管網水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、末梢(shao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的全(quan)過程管理。劃定集中(zhong)式飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護區,推進規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)建設。強化(hua)(hua)南水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)北(bei)調水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地及(ji)沿線(xian)生態環境保護。深化(hua)(hua)地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)污染防治。全(quan)面排查(cha)和整(zheng)治縣級(ji)及(ji)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)城市水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)保護區內的違法違規(gui)問(wen)題,長江經濟帶于(yu)2018年年底(di)前、其他地區于(yu)2019年年底(di)前完成。單一水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的地級(ji)及(ji)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)城市應當(dang)建設應急水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)或備用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。定期監(檢)測、評(ping)估集中(zhong)式飲用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)單位供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和用(yong)戶(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)龍(long)頭(tou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質狀(zhuang)況,縣級(ji)及(ji)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)城市至(zhi)少每季度向社會(hui)公開(kai)一次。
(二)打好(hao)城(cheng)市黑(hei)臭水體治(zhi)理(li)攻堅戰。實施城(cheng)鎮污(wu)水處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)“提質增效”三年(nian)(nian)行動,加(jia)快(kuai)補(bu)齊城(cheng)鎮污(wu)水收(shou)(shou)集(ji)和處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)設(she)施短板,盡(jin)快(kuai)實現污(wu)水管網全覆蓋、全收(shou)(shou)集(ji)、全處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)。完善污(wu)水處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)收(shou)(shou)費政策,各地(di)要按規定將(jiang)污(wu)水處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)收(shou)(shou)費標準盡(jin)快(kuai)調整(zheng)到(dao)位,原則上(shang)應補(bu)償到(dao)污(wu)水處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)和污(wu)泥(ni)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)置(zhi)設(she)施正常運營并合理(li)盈(ying)利。對中(zhong)西(xi)部(bu)地(di)區,中(zhong)央(yang)財(cai)政給予適當支持(chi)。加(jia)強城(cheng)市初(chu)期雨水收(shou)(shou)集(ji)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)設(she)施建設(she),有效減少(shao)城(cheng)市面源污(wu)染(ran)。到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian),地(di)級及以(yi)上(shang)城(cheng)市建成區黑(hei)臭水體消除(chu)比例達90%以(yi)上(shang)。鼓勵京津冀、長三角(jiao)、珠三角(jiao)區域城(cheng)市建成區盡(jin)早全面消除(chu)黑(hei)臭水體。
(三)打好長(chang)江(jiang)保護(hu)修復攻堅戰。開展長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)隱患和(he)(he)環境(jing)風(feng)險調查評估,劃定(ding)高風(feng)險區域(yu)(yu),從嚴(yan)實施(shi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環境(jing)風(feng)險防控措(cuo)施(shi)。優化(hua)長(chang)江(jiang)經濟帶(dai)產(chan)業布局和(he)(he)規(gui)模,嚴(yan)禁(jin)污(wu)染型產(chan)業、企業向上(shang)中(zhong)游地區轉移。排查整(zheng)治(zhi)入(ru)河(he)入(ru)湖(hu)排污(wu)口及不達(da)標水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti),市(shi)、縣(xian)級政府(fu)制定(ding)實施(shi)不達(da)標水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)限期達(da)標規(gui)劃。到(dao)2020年(nian),長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)基本消除劣Ⅴ類水(shui)(shui)(shui)體(ti)。強化(hua)船舶(bo)(bo)和(he)(he)港口污(wu)染防治(zhi),現有船舶(bo)(bo)到(dao)2020年(nian)全部(bu)完(wan)成達(da)標改造(zao),港口、船舶(bo)(bo)修造(zao)廠環衛設(she)(she)施(shi)、污(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處(chu)理設(she)(she)施(shi)納入(ru)城市(shi)設(she)(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)(she)規(gui)劃。加強沿河(he)環湖(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保護(hu),修復濕地等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)系統,因地制宜建(jian)設(she)(she)人工(gong)濕地水(shui)(shui)(shui)質凈(jing)化(hua)工(gong)程。實施(shi)長(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)域(yu)(yu)上(shang)中(zhong)游水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)群(qun)聯(lian)合調度,保障(zhang)干流(liu)、主要(yao)支流(liu)和(he)(he)湖(hu)泊基本生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)。
(四)打(da)好(hao)渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)綜合(he)治(zhi)理(li)攻堅戰。以(yi)渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)海(hai)(hai)區的(de)(de)渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)灣、遼東灣、萊(lai)州(zhou)灣、遼河口、黃河口等為重(zhong)點,推動河口海(hai)(hai)灣綜合(he)整(zheng)治(zhi)。全(quan)面(mian)整(zheng)治(zhi)入(ru)海(hai)(hai)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)源,規(gui)范入(ru)海(hai)(hai)排污(wu)(wu)口設置(zhi),全(quan)部清(qing)理(li)非法(fa)排污(wu)(wu)口。嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)海(hai)(hai)水養(yang)殖等造成(cheng)的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)上污(wu)(wu)染(ran),推進海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)垃(la)圾防(fang)治(zhi)和清(qing)理(li)。率先在渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)實施主要(yao)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)物(wu)排海(hai)(hai)總量控制(zhi)制(zhi)度,強(qiang)化陸海(hai)(hai)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)聯(lian)防(fang)聯(lian)控,加(jia)強(qiang)入(ru)海(hai)(hai)河流治(zhi)理(li)與監管。實施最嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)圍(wei)填海(hai)(hai)和岸線開發(fa)管控,統籌(chou)安排海(hai)(hai)洋(yang)空(kong)間利用活(huo)動。渤(bo)海(hai)(hai)禁止審批新(xin)增圍(wei)填海(hai)(hai)項(xiang)目,引導符合(he)國家產業(ye)政策的(de)(de)項(xiang)目消化存(cun)量圍(wei)填海(hai)(hai)資源,已(yi)審批但未開工的(de)(de)項(xiang)目要(yao)依法(fa)重(zhong)新(xin)進行評估和清(qing)理(li)。
(五)打好(hao)農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)污染(ran)治(zhi)理(li)攻堅戰(zhan)。以建(jian)設美麗宜居村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊為導向,持續開展農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)人居環(huan)(huan)境(jing)整治(zhi)行動,實現(xian)全國(guo)行政村(cun)(cun)(cun)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)整治(zhi)全覆蓋。到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian),農(nong)村(cun)(cun)(cun)人居環(huan)(huan)境(jing)明顯改善,村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊環(huan)(huan)境(jing)基(ji)本干(gan)凈整潔有(you)(you)序,東(dong)部地(di)區、中西部城市近郊區等(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)基(ji)礎、有(you)(you)條件(jian)的(de)地(di)區人居環(huan)(huan)境(jing)質量全面提升,管護長(chang)效機(ji)制初步建(jian)立(li);中西部有(you)(you)較好(hao)基(ji)礎、基(ji)本具備(bei)條件(jian)的(de)地(di)區力爭實現(xian)90%左右的(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊生活垃(la)圾得到(dao)(dao)治(zhi)理(li),衛生廁(ce)所普(pu)及(ji)率(lv)達到(dao)(dao)85%左右,生活污水(shui)亂(luan)排(pai)亂(luan)放得到(dao)(dao)管控。減少化(hua)肥(fei)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)量,制修(xiu)訂并嚴格執行化(hua)肥(fei)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)等(deng)(deng)農(nong)業投(tou)入品(pin)質量標準,嚴格控制高毒高風險農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong),推進有(you)(you)機(ji)肥(fei)替代化(hua)肥(fei)、病蟲害綠色防控替代化(hua)學防治(zhi)和(he)廢(fei)棄農(nong)膜回收(shou),完善廢(fei)舊地(di)膜和(he)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)廢(fei)棄物等(deng)(deng)回收(shou)處理(li)制度(du)。到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian),化(hua)肥(fei)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)量實現(xian)零增長(chang)。堅持種植和(he)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)相結合(he),就地(di)就近消納利(li)用(yong)畜禽(qin)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)廢(fei)棄物。合(he)理(li)布局水(shui)產養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)空間,深入推進水(shui)產健康養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi),開展重點(dian)江河湖(hu)庫及(ji)重點(dian)近岸海(hai)域破壞生態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)的(de)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)方式綜合(he)整治(zhi)。到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian),全國(guo)畜禽(qin)糞污綜合(he)利(li)用(yong)率(lv)達到(dao)(dao)75%以上,規模(mo)養(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)場糞污處理(li)設施(shi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)備(bei)配套率(lv)達到(dao)(dao)95%以上。
八、扎實推進凈土保衛戰
全面實施土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)染防(fang)治行(xing)動計劃,突出重點區(qu)域、行(xing)業和污(wu)染物(wu),有效(xiao)管控(kong)農用(yong)地(di)和城市(shi)建設用(yong)地(di)土(tu)壤(rang)環境風(feng)險。
(一)強(qiang)化(hua)土(tu)壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)和(he)修(xiu)(xiu)復。加強(qiang)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)境分類管(guan)(guan)理。嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格管(guan)(guan)控(kong)重(zhong)(zhong)度污染(ran)(ran)(ran)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di),嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)禁在重(zhong)(zhong)度污染(ran)(ran)(ran)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)種植食用農產品。實施耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)境治理保護重(zhong)(zhong)大工(gong)程,開(kai)(kai)展重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)涉重(zhong)(zhong)金屬行(xing)業排查(cha)和(he)整治。2018年(nian)年(nian)底前(qian),完成(cheng)(cheng)農用地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)狀況(kuang)詳(xiang)查(cha)。2020年(nian)年(nian)底前(qian),編制完成(cheng)(cheng)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)境質量分類清單。建(jian)立建(jian)設(she)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)和(he)修(xiu)(xiu)復名(ming)錄,列入名(ming)錄且未(wei)完成(cheng)(cheng)治理修(xiu)(xiu)復的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊不得(de)作為住宅、公(gong)共管(guan)(guan)理與公(gong)共服(fu)務用地(di)(di)(di)(di)。建(jian)立污染(ran)(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊聯動(dong)(dong)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)機制,將建(jian)設(she)用地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)環(huan)境管(guan)(guan)理要求(qiu)納入用地(di)(di)(di)(di)規劃和(he)供地(di)(di)(di)(di)管(guan)(guan)理,嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格控(kong)制用地(di)(di)(di)(di)準入,強(qiang)化(hua)暫不開(kai)(kai)發(fa)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)地(di)(di)(di)(di)塊的(de)風(feng)險(xian)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)。2020年(nian)年(nian)底前(qian),完成(cheng)(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行(xing)業企業用地(di)(di)(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)狀況(kuang)調查(cha)。嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)格土(tu)壤(rang)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)(dian)行(xing)業企業搬遷改造過程中拆除活動(dong)(dong)的(de)環(huan)境監(jian)管(guan)(guan)。
(二)加快推(tui)進(jin)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)分類(lei)處(chu)理。到2020年,實現所有城市(shi)和縣城生(sheng)活垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)處(chu)理能力全覆蓋,基本完成(cheng)非正規垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)堆放(fang)點(dian)整治;直(zhi)轄市(shi)、計劃單列(lie)市(shi)、省會城市(shi)和第(di)一批分類(lei)示(shi)范城市(shi)基本建成(cheng)生(sheng)活垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)分類(lei)處(chu)理系統。推(tui)進(jin)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)資源(yuan)化(hua)利用,大力發展垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)焚燒發電。推(tui)進(jin)農村(cun)(cun)垃(la)(la)圾(ji)(ji)就地分類(lei)、資源(yuan)化(hua)利用和處(chu)理,建立農村(cun)(cun)有機廢棄物收集(ji)、轉(zhuan)化(hua)、利用網絡體系。
(三)強化(hua)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)污染防(fang)治(zhi)。全(quan)面禁止洋垃圾入境,嚴(yan)厲打(da)擊走(zou)私,大幅(fu)減少固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)口種類和數量,力(li)爭2020年(nian)年(nian)底前基本實(shi)現固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)零進(jin)(jin)口。開展“無廢(fei)(fei)城市”試點(dian),推(tui)動(dong)固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)資源化(hua)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)。調查、評估(gu)重點(dian)工業(ye)行業(ye)危險(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)產生、貯存、利用(yong)(yong)(yong)、處(chu)置情況。完善危險(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)經(jing)營許可、轉移(yi)等管(guan)理制度,建立(li)信息(xi)化(hua)監(jian)管(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)系,提升危險(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)處(chu)理處(chu)置能力(li),實(shi)施全(quan)過程(cheng)監(jian)管(guan)。嚴(yan)厲打(da)擊危險(xian)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)非法跨界轉移(yi)、傾倒(dao)等違法犯罪活動(dong)。深入推(tui)進(jin)(jin)長(chang)江經(jing)濟帶固體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)廢(fei)(fei)物(wu)(wu)大排查活動(dong)。評估(gu)有(you)毒有(you)害化(hua)學品在生態環境中的風險(xian)狀況,嚴(yan)格(ge)限制高風險(xian)化(hua)學品生產、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)、進(jin)(jin)出口,并逐步淘(tao)汰、替代。
九、加快生態保護與修復
堅持自然恢復(fu)為主,統籌(chou)開(kai)展全國生(sheng)態保護(hu)與修(xiu)復(fu),全面劃定并嚴守(shou)生(sheng)態保護(hu)紅(hong)線,提升生(sheng)態系統質(zhi)量和穩定性。
(一)劃定(ding)并嚴守生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)。按照(zhao)應保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)盡(jin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)、應劃盡(jin)劃的(de)原則,將生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)功能(neng)重(zhong)要區(qu)域、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)敏感脆弱區(qu)域納入(ru)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)。到(dao)2020年,全面完(wan)成全國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)劃定(ding)、勘(kan)界定(ding)標,形成生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)全國(guo)“一張圖”,實現一條(tiao)紅(hong)線(xian)管(guan)控重(zhong)要生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)空間(jian)。制(zhi)定(ding)實施(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)管(guan)理辦(ban)法、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)修復(fu)方案,建設國(guo)家生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)監管(guan)平臺,開展生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線(xian)監測預(yu)警(jing)與(yu)評估考核。
(二)堅決查處生態(tai)破壞行(xing)(xing)為。2018年(nian)年(nian)底(di)前,縣(xian)級及以上(shang)地方(fang)政府全面排查違(wei)法違(wei)規(gui)擠(ji)占生態(tai)空間、破壞自(zi)然(ran)遺跡等行(xing)(xing)為,制定治理和(he)修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)計劃并向社會公開(kai)。開(kai)展(zhan)病危險(xian)尾礦庫和(he)“頭頂庫”專項(xiang)整(zheng)治。持續(xu)開(kai)展(zhan)“綠盾”自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)監督檢查專項(xiang)行(xing)(xing)動,嚴肅查處各(ge)類違(wei)法違(wei)規(gui)行(xing)(xing)為,限期進行(xing)(xing)整(zheng)治修(xiu)復(fu)(fu)。
(三)建(jian)立以(yi)國(guo)家公園為主體的自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)體系。到2020年,完成全國(guo)自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區范圍(wei)界限核準(zhun)和(he)勘界立標,整合設(she)立一批國(guo)家公園,自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)相關法規和(he)管(guan)理制度基(ji)本建(jian)立。對生(sheng)態嚴重(zhong)退(tui)化地(di)(di)區實行封禁(jin)管(guan)理,穩步實施退(tui)耕(geng)還林(lin)還草(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)退(tui)牧還草(cao)(cao)(cao),擴大(da)輪作休(xiu)耕(geng)試點,全面推行草(cao)(cao)(cao)原禁(jin)牧休(xiu)牧和(he)草(cao)(cao)(cao)畜平衡(heng)制度。依法依規解決自(zi)然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)地(di)(di)內的礦業權合理退(tui)出問題(ti)。全面保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)天(tian)然林(lin),推進(jin)荒漠(mo)化、石(shi)漠(mo)化、水(shui)土流失綜(zong)合治理,強(qiang)化濕地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)恢復(fu)。加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)休(xiu)漁禁(jin)漁管(guan)理,推進(jin)長江、渤海等重(zhong)點水(shui)域禁(jin)捕限捕,加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)海洋(yang)牧場建(jian)設(she),加(jia)(jia)大(da)漁業資源增殖放流。推動耕(geng)地(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)(cao)原森林(lin)河(he)流湖泊海洋(yang)休(xiu)養生(sheng)息。
十、改革完善生態環境治理體系
深(shen)化(hua)生態環境保(bao)護管理體制改(gai)革(ge),完善生態環境管理制度,加快構建(jian)生態環境治理體系,健(jian)全保(bao)障舉措,增(zeng)強系統(tong)性和完整性,大幅提升(sheng)治理能(neng)力。
(一(yi))完(wan)(wan)善生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)系。整合分散的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護職(zhi)責,強化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護修復(fu)和(he)污染防治(zhi)統一(yi)監(jian)管(guan)(guan),建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)健全(quan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護領導和(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、激勵約(yue)束(shu)并舉(ju)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度體(ti)(ti)系、政府企(qi)業公眾共治(zhi)體(ti)(ti)系。全(quan)面完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)省(sheng)(sheng)以(yi)下生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)機構(gou)(gou)(gou)監(jian)測監(jian)察執法(fa)垂直管(guan)(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度改革,推(tui)進(jin)綜合執法(fa)隊伍特(te)別是基層隊伍的(de)能(neng)力建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)。完(wan)(wan)善農村環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)治(zhi)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。健全(quan)區域(yu)流域(yu)海域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)管(guan)(guan)理(li)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),推(tui)進(jin)跨地(di)區環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)機構(gou)(gou)(gou)試點,加快(kuai)組建(jian)(jian)(jian)流域(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)執法(fa)機構(gou)(gou)(gou),按(an)(an)海域(yu)設(she)置監(jian)管(guan)(guan)機構(gou)(gou)(gou)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)獨(du)立(li)權威高效(xiao)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)測體(ti)(ti)系,構(gou)(gou)(gou)建(jian)(jian)(jian)天地(di)一(yi)體(ti)(ti)化(hua)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監(jian)測網絡,實現國家和(he)區域(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)預報(bao)預警和(he)質(zhi)控(kong),按(an)(an)照適度上收生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)測事權的(de)要求加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)有(you)關工作。省(sheng)(sheng)級黨委和(he)政府加快(kuai)確定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)(bao)護紅線、環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)底(di)線、資源利用上線,制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)準入清單,在地(di)方(fang)立(li)法(fa)、政策制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定、規劃編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、執法(fa)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)中不(bu)得變(bian)通突破、降低標準,不(bu)符合不(bu)銜接不(bu)適應的(de)于2020年(nian)年(nian)底(di)前完(wan)(wan)成(cheng)調整。實施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)統一(yi)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)。推(tui)行生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)損害賠償(chang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護規劃,開展全(quan)國生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)評估,建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)護綜合監(jian)控(kong)平臺。推(tui)動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)文明(ming)示范創建(jian)(jian)(jian)、綠水青(qing)山(shan)就(jiu)是金山(shan)銀(yin)山(shan)實踐創新基地(di)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)活動。
嚴(yan)格(ge)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)。生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)只能更好、不(bu)能變壞。生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)達標地(di)區要保持穩定并(bing)持續改善;生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)不(bu)達標地(di)區的市(shi)(shi)、縣級(ji)(ji)政府,要于2018年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)底前制(zhi)(zhi)定實(shi)施限期達標規劃(hua),向(xiang)上級(ji)(ji)政府備案并(bing)向(xiang)社(she)會公(gong)(gong)(gong)開。加快推行排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)許(xu)可制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),對固定污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)實(shi)施全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程管(guan)理(li)和多污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)物協同控制(zhi)(zhi),按(an)行業(ye)、地(di)區、時限核發排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)許(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng),全(quan)(quan)面落實(shi)企(qi)業(ye)治污(wu)(wu)(wu)責任(ren),強化證(zheng)(zheng)后監(jian)管(guan)和處罰。在長江經(jing)濟(ji)帶(dai)率(lv)先實(shi)施入河污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)源(yuan)排(pai)放、排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)口排(pai)放和水(shui)體水(shui)質(zhi)聯動(dong)管(guan)理(li)。2020年(nian)(nian),將排(pai)污(wu)(wu)(wu)許(xu)可證(zheng)(zheng)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)建設成為(wei)固定源(yuan)環(huan)境管(guan)理(li)核心制(zhi)(zhi)度(du),實(shi)現“一證(zheng)(zheng)式”管(guan)理(li)。健全(quan)(quan)環(huan)保信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)評(ping)價、信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)強制(zhi)(zhi)性披露、嚴(yan)懲(cheng)重罰等制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)。將企(qi)業(ye)環(huan)境信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)納入全(quan)(quan)國(guo)信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)共享平臺和國(guo)家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)示(shi)系(xi)統(tong),依法通過(guo)“信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)中國(guo)”網站和國(guo)家(jia)企(qi)業(ye)信(xin)(xin)(xin)用(yong)信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)示(shi)系(xi)統(tong)向(xiang)社(she)會公(gong)(gong)(gong)示(shi)。監(jian)督(du)上市(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司、發債企(qi)業(ye)等市(shi)(shi)場(chang)主體全(quan)(quan)面、及時、準確地(di)披露環(huan)境信(xin)(xin)(xin)息(xi)。建立(li)跨部門聯合獎懲(cheng)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。完(wan)善國(guo)家(jia)核安全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作協調機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),強化對核安全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作的統(tong)籌。
(二)健(jian)全生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)經濟政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)體系。資金(jin)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)向污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)攻堅戰傾斜,堅持(chi)(chi)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)同(tong)(tong)攻堅任(ren)務(wu)(wu)相(xiang)匹配,加(jia)大(da)(da)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)力(li)(li)度。逐(zhu)步建立常態(tai)(tai)(tai)化、穩定的(de)(de)財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)資金(jin)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)機制(zhi)。擴大(da)(da)中央財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支持(chi)(chi)北方(fang)(fang)地(di)(di)區(qu)清(qing)潔取暖的(de)(de)試點(dian)城市范圍,國有(you)資本要(yao)加(jia)大(da)(da)對(dui)(dui)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)的(de)(de)投(tou)入(ru)(ru)。完善居民取暖用(yong)(yong)氣(qi)用(yong)(yong)電定價機制(zhi)和補貼政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。增(zeng)加(jia)中央財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)對(dui)(dui)國家重點(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)紅(hong)線區(qu)域等生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)能(neng)重要(yao)地(di)(di)區(qu)的(de)(de)轉(zhuan)移支付,繼續安排(pai)中央預算(suan)內投(tou)資對(dui)(dui)重點(dian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)功(gong)能(neng)區(qu)給(gei)予支持(chi)(chi)。各省(sheng)(自(zi)治(zhi)區(qu)、直轄市)合(he)理(li)(li)(li)確定補償(chang)標準,并逐(zhu)步提高(gao)補償(chang)水(shui)平(ping)。完善助力(li)(li)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)產業發(fa)展的(de)(de)價格(ge)、財(cai)稅、投(tou)資等政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。大(da)(da)力(li)(li)發(fa)展綠(lv)(lv)色(se)信(xin)貸、綠(lv)(lv)色(se)債券等金(jin)融產品(pin)。設(she)立國家綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)展基金(jin)。落(luo)實(shi)有(you)利于(yu)資源(yuan)節約和生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)價格(ge)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),落(luo)實(shi)相(xiang)關(guan)稅收優惠政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。研究對(dui)(dui)從事污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)防治(zhi)的(de)(de)第三方(fang)(fang)企(qi)業比照高(gao)新(xin)技術(shu)企(qi)業實(shi)行所得稅優惠政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),研究出臺(tai)“散(san)亂污(wu)(wu)(wu)”企(qi)業綜合(he)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)激勵政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)。推(tui)動環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)責任(ren)保(bao)險發(fa)展,在(zai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)高(gao)風險領(ling)域建立環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)(wu)(wu)染(ran)強制(zhi)責任(ren)保(bao)險制(zhi)度。推(tui)進社會化生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)和保(bao)護(hu)。采用(yong)(yong)直接投(tou)資、投(tou)資補助、運營補貼等方(fang)(fang)式,規范支持(chi)(chi)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府和社會資本合(he)作項目(mu);對(dui)(dui)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府實(shi)施(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)績效(xiao)合(he)同(tong)(tong)服務(wu)(wu)項目(mu),公共財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支付水(shui)平(ping)同(tong)(tong)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)績效(xiao)掛鉤。鼓勵通過政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府購買(mai)服務(wu)(wu)方(fang)(fang)式實(shi)施(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)和保(bao)護(hu)。
(三)健全(quan)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治體系。依靠法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing),增強(qiang)全(quan)社會生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治意(yi)識。加快建立(li)(li)(li)綠(lv)色生(sheng)產消費的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)制(zhi)度和(he)(he)政(zheng)策導向。加快制(zhi)定和(he)(he)修改土壤污(wu)染防治、固體廢物(wu)污(wu)染防治、長江生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、海(hai)洋環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)、國家公園(yuan)、濕地(di)、生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)監測、排(pai)污(wu)許可、資源(yuan)綜合(he)利用、空間(jian)規(gui)劃、碳(tan)排(pai)放權交易管(guan)理等方面的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)。鼓勵地(di)方在生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)領域(yu)先于國家進行(xing)立(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。建立(li)(li)(li)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)綜合(he)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)關、公安機(ji)關、檢察機(ji)關、審判機(ji)關信息共享、案情通報(bao)、案件移送制(zhi)度,完善生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)領域(yu)民(min)事、行(xing)政(zheng)公益訴(su)訟(song)制(zhi)度,加大生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)違法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)犯罪行(xing)為(wei)的(de)制(zhi)裁(cai)和(he)(he)懲(cheng)處力度。加強(qiang)涉生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)的(de)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)力量建設。整合(he)組建生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)綜合(he)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)隊伍,統一實(shi)行(xing)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。將生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)綜合(he)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)構列(lie)入(ru)政(zheng)府行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)構序(xu)列(lie),推進執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)范(fan)化建設,統一著裝、統一標識、統一證(zheng)件、統一保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)用車和(he)(he)裝備。
(四)強(qiang)(qiang)化生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護能(neng)力(li)保障體(ti)(ti)系。增強(qiang)(qiang)科(ke)技(ji)支撐,開展(zhan)(zhan)大氣污染(ran)(ran)(ran)成因與治(zhi)(zhi)理、水體(ti)(ti)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)控制與治(zhi)(zhi)理、土壤污染(ran)(ran)(ran)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)等重(zhong)點領(ling)域科(ke)技(ji)攻關,實(shi)(shi)施(shi)京津冀環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜合治(zhi)(zhi)理重(zhong)大項目,推(tui)(tui)進(jin)區域性、流(liu)(liu)域性生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)問題研(yan)究。完成第(di)二次全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)污染(ran)(ran)(ran)源普查(cha)。開展(zhan)(zhan)大數據(ju)應(ying)(ying)用和環(huan)(huan)境(jing)承載力(li)監測預警。開展(zhan)(zhan)重(zhong)點區域、流(liu)(liu)域、行業(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)與健(jian)康調(diao)查(cha),建立風險(xian)監測網絡及(ji)風險(xian)評估(gu)體(ti)(ti)系。健(jian)全(quan)跨部門(men)、跨區域環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)急協調(diao)聯(lian)動機制,建立全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)統一(yi)的環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)急預案電子備案系統。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家建立環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)急物(wu)資(zi)儲(chu)備信息庫(ku),省、市級(ji)政(zheng)府建設環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)急物(wu)資(zi)儲(chu)備庫(ku),企業(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)應(ying)(ying)急裝備和儲(chu)備物(wu)資(zi)應(ying)(ying)納(na)入儲(chu)備體(ti)(ti)系。落實(shi)(shi)全(quan)面從嚴治(zhi)(zhi)黨要(yao)求,建設規范化、標準化、專業(ye)化的生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護人才隊(dui)伍(wu),打造政(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)強(qiang)(qiang)、本領(ling)高、作(zuo)(zuo)風硬、敢擔當,特(te)別能(neng)吃苦、特(te)別能(neng)戰斗、特(te)別能(neng)奉獻的生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護鐵軍。按省、市、縣(xian)、鄉不(bu)同(tong)層級(ji)工作(zuo)(zuo)職(zhi)責配備相應(ying)(ying)工作(zuo)(zuo)力(li)量,保障履(lv)職(zhi)需要(yao),確保同(tong)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護任務(wu)相匹(pi)配。加強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際交流(liu)(liu)和履(lv)約能(neng)力(li)建設,推(tui)(tui)進(jin)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保護國(guo)(guo)(guo)際技(ji)術交流(liu)(liu)和務(wu)實(shi)(shi)合作(zuo)(zuo),支撐核(he)安(an)全(quan)和核(he)電共同(tong)走出去,積(ji)極(ji)推(tui)(tui)動落實(shi)(shi)2030年可持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)議程和綠色“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”建設。
(五(wu))構建(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)行動體(ti)系。把生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)納(na)入(ru)國(guo)民(min)教(jiao)育(yu)體(ti)系和(he)黨政(zheng)領導干(gan)部(bu)培訓體(ti)系,推(tui)進國(guo)家及各(ge)(ge)地生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)教(jiao)育(yu)設施(shi)和(he)場所建(jian)(jian)設,培育(yu)普及生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文(wen)化(hua)。公(gong)共機(ji)構尤其(qi)是(shi)黨政(zheng)機(ji)關(guan)帶頭使用節(jie)能環保(bao)(bao)(bao)產品,推(tui)行綠色辦公(gong),創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)節(jie)約型機(ji)關(guan)。健全生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)新聞發(fa)布(bu)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),充(chong)分發(fa)揮各(ge)(ge)類媒體(ti)作用。省、市兩級(ji)要依托(tuo)黨報、電視臺(tai)、政(zheng)府網站,曝(pu)光突(tu)出環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)問題,報道整改進展(zhan)(zhan)情(qing)況(kuang)。建(jian)(jian)立政(zheng)府、企業(ye)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)風險預防與化(hua)解(jie)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。完善(shan)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)制(zhi)(zhi)度,加強(qiang)重(zhong)特大突(tu)發(fa)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)事件信(xin)(xin)息(xi)公(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai),對涉及群眾切身(shen)利益(yi)的(de)重(zhong)大項目及時(shi)主動公(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)。2020年年底前(qian),地級(ji)及以上城市符合條件的(de)環保(bao)(bao)(bao)設施(shi)和(he)城市污(wu)水垃(la)圾(ji)處理設施(shi)向社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang),接(jie)受公(gong)眾參觀。強(qiang)化(hua)排(pai)污(wu)者主體(ti)責任(ren),企業(ye)應(ying)嚴格守法(fa)(fa),規(gui)范自身(shen)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)行為,落實(shi)資金投入(ru)、物資保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)措施(shi)和(he)應(ying)急處置主體(ti)責任(ren)。實(shi)施(shi)工業(ye)污(wu)染源(yuan)全面(mian)達標排(pai)放(fang)(fang)計劃(hua)。2018年年底前(qian),重(zhong)點排(pai)污(wu)單位(wei)全部(bu)安裝(zhuang)自動在線監控設備并(bing)同生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)主管部(bu)門(men)聯網,依法(fa)(fa)公(gong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)排(pai)污(wu)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)。到2020年,實(shi)現長江經濟帶入(ru)河(he)排(pai)污(wu)口監測(ce)全覆蓋(gai),并(bing)將監測(ce)數據納(na)入(ru)長江經濟帶綜合信(xin)(xin)息(xi)平臺(tai)。推(tui)動環保(bao)(bao)(bao)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)組(zu)織和(he)志愿者隊伍規(gui)范健康發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan),引導環保(bao)(bao)(bao)社(she)會(hui)(hui)(hui)組(zu)織依法(fa)(fa)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)公(gong)益(yi)訴訟等(deng)活動。按照國(guo)家有關(guan)規(gui)定表彰對保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)改善(shan)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)有顯著(zhu)成績的(de)單位(wei)和(he)個人。完善(shan)公(gong)眾監督、舉(ju)報反饋機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)舉(ju)報人的(de)合法(fa)(fa)權(quan)益(yi),鼓勵設立有獎舉(ju)報基金。
新(xin)思(si)想引(yin)領(ling)新(xin)時(shi)代(dai),新(xin)使命開啟(qi)新(xin)征程(cheng)。讓(rang)我們更加緊密地(di)團結在(zai)以(yi)習(xi)近平(ping)同(tong)志為核心(xin)的黨(dang)中央(yang)周圍,以(yi)習(xi)近平(ping)新(xin)時(shi)代(dai)中國特色社會(hui)主義思(si)想為指導,不忘初(chu)心(xin)、牢(lao)記使命,銳意進取、勇于(yu)擔當,全面(mian)加強(qiang)生態環(huan)境保(bao)護(hu),堅(jian)決打好污(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)攻堅(jian)戰(zhan),為決勝全面(mian)建成小康社會(hui)、實(shi)現(xian)中華民族偉大復興的中國夢不懈奮斗(dou)。
來源:政府網